Can GLP-1 medications cause gallbladder problems?

Yes, GLP-1 medications can increase the risk of gallbladder-related issues including gallstones (cholelithiasis) and gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis). Clinical trials showed higher rates of gallbladder events in GLP-1 users compared to placebo. Two mechanisms may contribute: rapid weight loss itself increases gallstone formation, and GLP-1s slow gallbladder emptying (gallbladder stasis), which promotes stone development. Symptoms requiring medical attention include: severe right upper abdominal pain (especially after fatty meals), pain radiating to the right shoulder or back, nausea and vomiting, fever, and jaundice (yellowing skin or eyes). Patients with pre-existing gallbladder disease may need closer monitoring. Cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) doesn't preclude GLP-1 use. To reduce risk: avoid rapid weight loss, don't skip meals (empty gallbladder regularly), maintain healthy fat intake (gallbladder needs to empty), and stay hydrated. Report gallbladder symptoms promptly to your healthcare provider.