What are Semax and Selank and what are their cognitive effects?

Semax and Selank are synthetic peptides developed in Russia with nootropic (cognitive-enhancing) and anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) properties. Semax is a derivative of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) that crosses the blood-brain barrier and modulates neurotrophin expression, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Potential effects include improved focus, memory, and neuroprotection. Selank is a synthetic version of the endogenous peptide tuftsin with anxiolytic properties that don't cause sedation or addiction potential like benzodiazepines. It may modulate GABA and serotonin systems. Both peptides are used in Russian medicine for cognitive impairment, anxiety, and stroke recovery, but are not FDA-approved in the United States. Administration is typically via nasal spray or subcutaneous injection. Research outside Russia is limited, though interest in these compounds is growing in nootropic and biohacking communities. Quality control is a significant concern since they're not pharmaceutical-grade products in Western markets.