What are gallbladder issues associated with GLP-1 medications and what are the warning signs?

GLP-1 medications have been associated with an increased risk of gallbladder problems, including gallstones (cholelithiasis) and gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis). This risk appears higher in the first year of treatment and may be related to rapid weight loss and changes in bile composition. Studies suggest the risk is approximately 2-3 times higher than in non-users, though absolute risk remains relatively low.

Warning signs of gallbladder issues include severe pain in the upper right abdomen or center of the abdomen that may radiate to the back or right shoulder, pain that worsens after eating (especially fatty foods), nausea and vomiting, fever, and jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes). If you experience these symptoms, seek medical attention promptly. Your healthcare provider may order ultrasound imaging and may recommend discontinuing the GLP-1 medication if gallbladder disease is diagnosed.